Evaluation of the Effect of Carbon and Solution Treatment on the ‎Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ASTM F75 Cast Co ‎Based Alloy

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Technologies, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Technologies, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Technologies, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

4 Researcher, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Technologies, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

10.22034/frj.2023.351831.1159

Abstract

The medical cast CoCrMo ASTM F75 alloy is used in orthopedic implants such as artificial toggle and knee. In this alloy, due to the existence of defects such as chemical inhomogeneities and large grain size, heat treatment is performed. In this research the effect of solution annealing heat treatment on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of two ASTM F75 alloy (the free of carbon specimen and the specimen containing 0.21 wt% carbon) was investigated. The solution treatment done at 1175, 1225 and 1275oC for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours. Subsequently the specimens quenched in water. The results show that in the specimen without carbon, the σ precipitates were formed. However, in the specimen containing carbon, the M23C6 carbides and σ were formed. Besides, by adding carbon the volume fraction of carbides increased and reached to 6.55 % leads to increase in strength. By increasing annealing temperature from 1175 to 1275 oC and the time from 0.5 to 4 hours, the volume fraction and the size of carbides have been decreased. In the specimen containing carbon, by annealing at 1225oC for 1 hours the distribution of precipitates became homogenous in the microstructure. Besides, most of carbides at the grain boundaries in the cast condition were disappeared by heat treatment. Finally, in the specimen containing carbon in the heat-treated condition, the mechanical properties such as the ultimate tensile strength raised up to 19% and the ductility increased twice in comparison to the one in the cast condition

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Park J. B., Jung K.H., Kim K.M., Son Y., Lee J.I., et al., Microstructure of as-cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy prepared by investment casting, Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 2018, 72, 947-951.‏
[2] Bedolla-Gil Y., Juarez-Hernandez A., Perez-Unzueta A., Garcia-Sanchez E., Mercado-Solis R., Influence of heat treatments on mechanical properties of a biocompatility alloy ASTM F75, Revista Mexicana De Fisica, 2009, 55, 1-5.‏
[3] Gaytan S.M., Murr L.E., Martinez E., Martinez J.L., Machado B.I., et al., Comparison of microstructures and mechanical properties for solid and mesh cobalt-base alloy prototypes fabricated by electron beam melting, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2010, 41, 3216-3227.‏
[4] Li Y., Yamashita Y., Tang N., Liu B., Kurosu S., et al., Influence of carbon and nitrogen addition on microstructure and hot deformation behavior of biomedical Co–Cr–Mo alloy, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2012, 135, 849-854.‏
[5] Dobbs H.S., Robertson J.L.M., Heat treatment of cast Co-Cr-Mo for orthopedic implant use, Journal of Materials Science, 1983, 18, 391-401.
[6] Mineta S., Namba S., Yoneda T., Ueda K., Narushima T., Precipitates in as-cast and heat-treated ASTM F75 Co-Cr-Mo-C alloys containing Si and Mn, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2011, 42, 1941-1949.
[7] Mineta S., Namba S., Yoneda T., Ueda K., Narushima T., Changes in microstructure of biomedical Co-Cr-Mo-C alloys with solution treating and aging. In Advanced Materials Research, 2010, 89, 377-382.
[8] Lee S.H., Nomura N., Chiba A., Significant improvement in mechanical properties of biomedical Co-Cr-Mo alloys with combination of N addition and Cr-enrichment, Materials Transactions, 2008, 49(2) 260-264.‏
[9] Chauhan M., Microstructural characterization of cobalt chromium (ASTM F75) cubes produced by EBM technique (Master of Science Thesis), 2017.
[10] Giacchi J.V., Fornaro O., Palacio H., Microstructural evolution during solution treatment of Co–Cr–Mo–C biocompatible alloys, Materials Characterization, 2012, 68, 49-57.
[11] Mineta S., Namba S., Yoneda T., Ueda K., Narushima T., Heat treatment of ASTM F75 Co-Cr-Mo-C-Si-Mn alloys, Materials Science Forum, 2010, 654, 2180-2183.
[12] Mori M., Yamanaka K., Kuramoto K., Ohmura K., Ashino T., et al., Effect of carbon on the microstructure, mechanical properties and metal ion release of Ni-free Co–Cr–Mo alloys containing nitrogen, Materials Science and Engineering C, 2015, 55, 145-154.
[13] Lee S.H., Takahashi E., Nomura N., Chiba A., Effect of carbon addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of a wrought Co–Cr–Mo implant alloy, Materials Transactions, 2006, 47, 287-290.‏
[14] ASTM F75-12, Standard Specification for
Cobalt-28 Chromium-6 Molybdenum Alloy Castings and Casting Alloy for Surgical Implants (UNS R30075), West Conshohocken. PA: ASTM International, 2012.
[15] Allen R.F., Standard test methods for determining average grain size (F112), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Metal-Mechanical Testing; Elevated and Low Temperature Tests; Metallography, 1999.
[16] ASTM E8/E8M. Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic material, ASTM International, 2010.
[17] Lee S.H., Takahashi E., Nomura N., Chiba A., Effect of carbon addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of a wrought Co–Cr–Mo implant alloy, Materials Transactions, 2006, 47, 287-290.‏
[18] Yamanaka K., Mori M., Chiba A., Effects of nitrogen addition on microstructure and mechanical behavior of biomedical Co–Cr–Mo alloys, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2014, 29, 417-426.‏
[19] Erfanian Nazif Toosi H.R., The Effect of rapid solidification and heat treatment on microstructure and electrochemical properties of advanced biomaterial Co-Cr-Mo-C Alloy, Master of Science Thesis, 2019.
[20] Herrera M., Espinoza A., Méndez J., Castro M., López J., et al., Effect of C content on the mechanical properties of solution treated as-cast ASTM F-75 alloys, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2005, 16, 607-611.‏
[21] Zangeneh S., Erisir E., Abbasi M., Ramazani A., Evaluation of the aging effect on the microstructure of Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.3C alloy: experimental characterization and computational thermodynamics. Metals, 2019, 9, 581.‏

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 16 July 2022
  • Revise Date: 19 April 2023
  • Accept Date: 25 April 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics