Investigation of Oxide Film Characteristics in Al-Zn Melt by Oxide-Metal-Oxide Technique

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

3 PhD Student,, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

10.22034/frj.2019.167578.1070

Abstract

The oxide/metal/oxide sandwich method is one of the techniques for investigating the dynamic oxidation of the melt. For preparation of the oxide/metal/oxide sandwich samples air bubbles, with 0.8-atmosphere pressure, were blown into the melts and the intersection of the entrapped bubbles was taken for the study. The characteristics of surface oxide films in different amounts of zinc (3, 5, and 7 weight percent), including their morphology and thickness, were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). There was no significant difference in the morphology of oxide films in the investigated alloys. However, in higher Zn content, more cracks and locations of stress concentration were found on the oxide film. The thickness of the oxide films of Al-Zn alloys were estimated between 95 to 1070 nm. By adding zinc up to 3% wt., the thickness of the oxide film is increased while adding more than 3% zinc causes decrement in the thickness of the film. Reducing the thickness of oxide films is possibly an indication of the increase in oxidation resistance of the Al-Zn alloys

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1]  Bonner S.J., Taylor J.A., Yao J.Y., Rhamdhani M.A., Oxidation of commercial purity aluminum melts: an experimental study, Journal of the Minerals Metals & Materials Society, 2016, 210869, 993–997.
[2]  Park J.M., Behaviours of Bifilms in A356 Alloy during Solidification: Developing Observation Techniques with 3D Micro X-ray Tomography, University of Birmingham, 2009.
[3]  Coker E.N., The oxidation of aluminum at high temperature studied by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, Sandia Report, United States of America, 2013, 7–8.
[4]  Drouzy M., Mascré C., The oxidation of liquid non-ferrous metals in air or oxygen, International Materials Reviews, 1969, 14(1) 25–46.
[5]  Yuen P., Effects of Strontium on the oxidation of molten aluminum alloys containing silicon and magnesium, PhD Thesis, Departmant of Mining and Metallurgy, McGil1University, Montreal, 2001.
[6]  Bonner S.J., A Microstructural and kinetic study of molten aluminium oxidation in relation to dross formation, PhD. Thesis, The University of Queensland, 2015.
[7]  Azarmehr S.A., Divandari M., Arabi H., Investigation on thickness of short time oxide films in Al–1Mg and Al–2Mg alloys, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2012, 28(11) 1295–1300.
[8]  Campbell J., Complete Casting Handbook Metal Casting Processes, Metallurgy, Techniques and Design, Second. Birmingham: Elsevier Ltd., 2015.
[9]  Gopalan R., Prabhu N. K., Oxide bifilms in aluminium alloy castings – A review, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2011, 27(12) 1757–1769.
[10]   Divandari M., Campbell J., Mechanisms of bubble trail formation in castings, Transactions of the American Foundry Society (AFS), 2001, 109, 433–442.
[11]   Bagherpour H., Raiszadeh R., Doostmohammadi H., Role of mechanical stirring of Al-Mg melt in the healing of bifilm defect, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2017.
[12]   Aluminium Automotive Manual, Manufacturing– Casting Methods, European Aluminium Association, 2002.
[13]   Dispinar D., Campbell J., Porosity, hydrogen and bifilm content in Al alloy castings, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2011, 528(10–11) 3860–3865.
[14]   Griffiths W.D., Raiszadeh R., Hydrogen, porosity and oxide film defects in liquid Al, Journal of Materials Science, 2009, 44(13) 3402–3407.
[15]   Divandari M., Campbell J., Oxide film characteristics of Al–7Si–Mg alloy in dynamic conditions in casting, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 2004, 17(3) 182–187.
[16]   Divandari M., Mehrabian M., A copparative study on cheractristics of dynamiv oxide film of molten Zn-Al alloys, Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2017, 14, 34–47.
[17]   Akagwu I., Brooks R., Fan Z., Ralph B., Quested P., Liquid state oxidation of aluminium, in 2nd Materials Research Conference for Young Researchers, 2003.
[18]         طاهری‌باغ ن.، بررسی اکسیداسیون در سیستم آلومینیم-روی به روش ساندویچ اکسید/فلز/اکسید، رسالة کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مهندسی مواد و متالورژی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، 1397.
[19]   Liu J., Wang Q., Qi Y., Atomistic simulation of the formation and fracture of oxide bifilms in cast aluminum, Acta Materialia, 2018.
[20]   Syvertsen M., Oxide Skin strength on molten AA5XXX aluminum alloy—effect of beryllium and alternatives, Miner. Met. Mater, Light Metals, 2017, 1451–1455.