Founding Research Journal

Founding Research Journal

Study of Ancient Metallurgy on Metal Artifacts Belonging to the Elamite Sites of Sanjar Hill in Khuzestan and Qalagap Hill in Lurestan

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors
Fatemeh Barani 1
Hamidreza Bakhshandehfard 2
Alireza Sardari 3
1 M.Sc., Department of Restoration of Historical and Cultural Objects, Faculty of Conservation, Isfahan Art University, Isfahan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Restoration of Cultural Artifacts and Objects, Faculty of Conservation, Isfahan Art University, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Cultural Heritage and Tourism Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
10.22034/frj.2025.492662.1206
Abstract
The importance of the formation and development of metallurgical knowledge in the ancient world (archaeometallurgy) is such that it has influenced the division of prehistoric cultural periods. The development of metalworking in the plateau of Iran has always been an interesting topic, and the reason for that is the history of metalworking activities in Iran since about 7000 BC. In fact, the rich history of the Iranian plateau and the findings of metallurgy in different parts of are an important source for archaeometallurg studies. In this research, six samples of metalartefacts belonging to Sanjar Hill and Qalagap Hill Related to the the Elam, two ancient civilizations, one in eastern Lurestan and Azna Plain known as Qalagap and the other Sanjar in the north of Shoshan Plain, Khuzestan, were examined. The purpose of these studies is to identify the chemical composition, investigate the microstructural of these samples. The results show cold working, hot working and annealing on all the samples and all except 1 sample has severe corrosion and the combination of tin bronze alloy, lead bronze and arsenic copper was identified. The result of comparing the results with other researches showed that the ancient metallurgy in these areas is similar to the works in the northwestern area of the Iranian plateau, and in terms of ingredients and the amount of materials, the similarities are very high. It was also found that the method of extracting metal has many similarities, which is indicated by the impurities and elements in the samples.
Keywords
Ancient metallurgy
Elam
Sanjar hill Khuzestan
Qalagap hill Lurestan
Subjects
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Founding Research Journal
Volume 9, Issue 1 - Serial Number 26
Spring and Summer
Summer 2025
Pages 39-54

  • Receive Date 07 December 2024
  • Revise Date 15 September 2025
  • Accept Date 15 September 2025